Formatting APS Journal Articles :: References :: Sample References

Internet Citations

Here is the general form used, with coding, fonts, and punctuation included:

«rf»Number

«a»Author(s).

«t»Title of Webpage (Online). Publisher. http://website [date of access].

Sometimes the author of the webpage is unknown. In that case, use this general form:

«rf»Number

«a»Publisher.

«t»Title of Webpage (Online). http://website [date of access].

Here are a few examples (with many different idiosyncrasies):

«rf»9

«a»Dudoit S, Yang YH, Callow MJ, and Speed TJ.

«t»Statistical Methods for Identifying Differentially Expressed Genes in Replicated cDNA Microarray Experiments (Online). Dept. of Statistics, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA. http://www.stat.berkeley.edu/users/terry/zarray/html/matt.html [3 Sept. 2000].

«rf»30

«a»National Center for Biotechnology Information.

«t»PubMed (Online). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi [26 Jan 2006].

Basic Information

The Internet is a huge resource of information, both accurate and inaccurate. Anyone at anytime can post whatever they want. This has had a powerful effect on science, making it easier to find good information as well as transmit disinformation. In addition, the nature of the Internet is fluid, and webpages are constantly being created, updated, or deleted. All of this together can make citing Internet sources very complex! To make things easier, the following are details that have to be included in the citation:

• The identify of those responsible for the webpage, be it an author, institution, or organization.
• The actual title of the webpage.
• The Internet address of the webpage.
• The date that the webpage was accessed (if this was not provided by the author, query them).

First and foremost, make sure that the Internet address can be accessed and that the information presented is as accurate as possible. To do this, copy the address and paste it into the address field of your Internet browser (Explorer, Netscape, or Firefox). As long as the address is correct, the rest of the information can be determined, and the reference will have performed its function.