Resources
All of these may be used without definition in APS Journals.
| Abbreviation | Definition |
|---|---|
| ACh | acetylcholine |
| ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| ADP | adenosine 5′-diphosphate |
| AM | acetoxymethyl ester |
| AMP | adenosine 5′-monophosphate |
| ANG I, II, III | angiotensin I, II, III |
| ANOVA | analysis of variance |
| ATP | adenosine 5′-triphosphate |
| ATPase | adenosine 5′-triphosphatase |
| AVP | arginine vasopressin |
| BAPTA | 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid |
| BCECF | 2′,7′-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein |
| bp | base pair(s) |
| BSA | bovine serum albumin |
| CaM | calmodulin |
| CaMK | Ca2+/calmodulin kinase |
| CaMKK | CaMK kinase |
| cAMP | adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate |
| CCCP | carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone |
| CCK | cholecystokinin |
| cDNA | complementary DNA |
| CDP | cytidine 5′-diphosphate |
| CFTR | cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator |
| cGMP | guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate |
| CGRP | calcitonin gene-related peptide |
| cIMP | inosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate |
| CMP | cytidine 5′-monophosphate |
| cTMP | thymidine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate |
| CoA | coenzyme A, acyl-CoA |
| CRF | corticotropin-releasing hormone |
| CTP | cytidine 5′-triphosphate |
| CTPase | cytidine 5′-triphosphatase |
| cUMP | uridine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate |
| cXMP | xanthine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate |
| DDAVP | desmopressin |
| DEAE | diethylaminoethyl |
| DIDS | 4,4′-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid |
| DMEM | Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium |
| DMSO | dimethyl sulfoxide |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| DNase | deoxyribonuclease |
| DOC | deoxycorticosterone |
| DOCA | deoxycorticosterone acetate |
| dpm | disintegrations per minute |
| DTNB | 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) |
| DTT | dithiothreitol |
| EC50 | concentration giving the half-maximal response |
| ECG | electrocardiogram |
| EDTA | ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
| EEG | electroencephalogram |
| EGF | epidermal growth factor |
| EGTA | ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N′,N′- tetraacetic acid |
| EIPA | ethylisopropyl amiloride |
| ELISA | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| EMSA | electrophoretic mobility shift assay |
| ERK | extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| FAD | flavin adenine dinucleotide |
| FADH2 | reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide |
| FBS | fetal bovine serum |
| FCCP | carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethyoxyphenylhydrazone |
| FCS | fetal calf serum |
| FGF | fibroblast growth factor |
| FITC | fluorescein isothiocyanate |
| FSH | follicle-stimulating hormone |
| GABA | γ-aminobutyric acid |
| GABAergic | γ-aminobutryric acidergic |
| GAPDH | glyceraldhyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| GC-MS | gas chromotography-mass spectroscopy |
| GDP | guanosine 5′-diphosphate |
| GDPβS | guanosine 5′-O-(2-thiotriphosphate) |
| GMP | guanosine 5′-monophosphate |
| GSH | reduced glutathione |
| GSK | glycogen synthetase kinase |
| GSSG | oxidized glutathione |
| GTP | guanosine 5′-triphosphate |
| GTPβS | guanosine 5′-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) |
| GTPase | guanosine 5′-triphosphatase |
| Hb | hemoglobin |
| HBSS | Hanks' balanced salt solution |
| Hct | hematocrit |
| HDL | high-density lipoprotein |
| HEPES | N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N′-2-ethanesulfonic acid |
| HPLC | hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid |
| 5-HT | serotonin (5-hydroxytrytamine) |
| IBMX | 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine |
| IC50 | concentration giving half-maximal inhibition |
| ICAM | intracellular cell adhesion molecule |
| IDP | inosine 5′-diphosphate |
| IFN | interferon |
| Ig- | immunoglobulin (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM) |
| IGF | insulin-like growth factor |
| IKK | IκB kinase |
| IL | interleukin |
| IMP | inosine 5′-monophosphate |
| IRMS | isotope ratio mass spectrometry |
| ITP | inosine 5′-triphosphate |
| ITPase | inosine 5′-triphosphatase |
| JAK | Janus-activated kinase |
| JNK | c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase |
| JNKK | JNK kinase |
| kb | kilobase(s) |
| Ka | acid ionization constant |
| Kd | dissociation constant |
| Keq | equilibrium constant |
| Ki | inhibition constant |
| Km | Michaelis-Menten constant |
| LDL | low-density lipoprotein |
| LH | luteinizing hormone |
| LR-RH | LH-releasing hormone |
| LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
| mRNA | messenger RNA |
| MAb | monoclonal antibody |
| MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| MAPKK | MAPK kinase |
| MEK | MAPK/ERK kinase |
| MKK | MAPK kinase |
| MEM | Eagle's minimum essential medium |
| MES | 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid |
| MKP | MAPK phosphatase |
| MOPS | 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid |
| MPO | myeloperoxidase |
| Mr | relative molecular mass |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| MSH | melanocyte-stimulating hormone |
| NAD | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
| NADH | reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
| NADP | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatase |
| NADPH | reduced NADP |
| NF-κB | nuclear factor-κB |
| NGF | nerve growth factor |
| NMR | nuclear magnetic resonance |
| nRNA | nuclear RNA |
| NSAID | nonsteroidal ani-inflammatory drug |
| nt | nucleotide(s) |
| PAGE | polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
| PAH | p-aminohippuric acid |
| PBS | phosphate-buffered saline solution, phosphate-buffered salt solution |
| PCNA | proliferating cell nuclear antigen |
| Pco2 | partial pressure of carbon dioxide |
| PCR | polymerase chain reaction |
| PDGF | platelet-derived growth factor |
| PET | positron emission topography |
| PG- | prostaglandin (PGE, PGF, etc.) |
| Pi | inorganic phosphate |
| PIPES | piperazine-N,N′-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid) |
| PKA | protein kinase A, cAMP-dependent protein kinase |
| PKB | protein kinase B |
| PKC | protein kinase C, cCMP-dependent protein kinase |
| PKG | protein kinase G, cGMP-dependent protein kinase |
| PLA | phospholipase A |
| PLC | phospholipase C |
| PMA | phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate |
| PMSF | phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride |
| Po2 | partial pressure of oxygen |
| POPOP | 1,4-bis[2-(5-phenyloxazyl)]benzene |
| PPO | 2,5-diphenyloxazole |
| psi | pounds per square inch |
| PTK | protein tyrosine kinase |
| RIA | radioimmunoassay |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| RNase | ribonuclease |
| rpm | revolutions per minute |
| rRNA | ribonuclear RNA |
| RT | reverse transcription |
| SAPK | stress-activated protein kinase |
| SAPKK | SAPK kinase |
| SDS | sodium dodecyl sulfate |
| SITS | 4-acetamido-4′-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid |
| SKK | SAPK kinase |
| SSC | standard sodium citrate |
| SOD | superoxide dismutase |
| STAT | signal transducer and activator of transcription |
| TAME | Nα-p-tosyl-l-arginine methyl ester |
| TCA † | trichloracetic acid († tricarboxylic acid) |
| TDP | thymidine 5′-disphosphate |
| TEAE | triethylaminoethyl |
| TES | N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid |
| TLC | thin-layer chromotography |
| TMP | thymidine 5′-monophosphate |
| TNF | tumor necrosis factor |
| TPA | 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate |
| TRH | thyrotropin-releasing hormone |
| Tris | tris(hyrdoxymethyl)aminomethane |
| tRNA | transfer RNA |
| TSH | thyroid-stimulating hormone |
| TTP | thymidine 5′-triphosphate |
| TTPase | thymidine 5′-triphosphatase |
| UDP | uridine 5′-diphosphate |
| UMP | uridine 5′-monophosphate |
| UTP | uridine 5′-triphosphate |
| UTPase | uridine 5′-triphosphatase |
| UV | ultraviolet |
| VCAM | vascular cell adhesion molecule |
| VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
| VIP | vasoactive intestinal peptide |
| VLDL | very-low-density lipoprotein |
| Vmax | maximal velocity, maximal rate of change/transition |
| XDP | xanthine 5′-diphosphate |
| XMP | xanthine 5′-monophosphate |
| XTP | xanthine 5′-triphosphate |
| XTPase | xanthine 5′-triphosphatase |